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Tower cranes may have a max unsupported height of eighty meters or two hundred sixty five feet, while the tower crane's maximum lifting capacity is 16,642 kilograms or thirty nine thousand six hundred ninety lbs. with counter weights of twenty tons. Moreover, two limit switches are utilized in order to make sure that the operator does not overload the crane. There is even another safety feature called a load moment switch to make sure that the operator does not surpass the ton meter load rating. Finally, the maximum reach of a tower crane is 70 meters or 230 feet.
There is definitely a science involved with erecting a tower crane, specially because of their extreme heights. At first, the stationary structure needs to be transported to the construction location by utilizing a big tractor-trailer rig setup. Then, a mobile crane is used so as to assemble the machinery portion of the jib and the crane. Afterwards, these sections are connected to the mast. Then, the mobile crane adds counterweights. Crawler cranes and forklifts can be some of the other industrial equipment that is commonly utilized to erect a crane.
Mast extensions are added to the crane as the building is erected. This is how the height of the crane is able to match the building's height. The crane crew utilizes what is known as a top climber or a climbing frame that fits between the slewing unit and the top of the mast. A weight is hung on the jib by the work crew so as to balance the counterweight. Once complete, the slewing unit can detach from the top of the mast. In the top climber, hydraulic rams are utilized to adjust the slewing unit up an additional 6.1m or twenty feet. Next, the crane driver uses the crane to insert and bolt into position another mast section piece.
The meaning of a "loaded container" for the purpose of container handling and securing; is a container other than in the tare or empty condition. Containers should be treated as loaded, unless otherwise confirmed. To be able to maintain safety, when securing or handling containers, environmental conditions such as wind must be taken into consideration. The word loaded refers to the container's maximum gross weigh rating. In order to ensure that the centre of gravity is kept as low and central as possible, the load must be distributed all around the container.
Having an evenly distributed cargo it is beneficial to avoid excessive tilting, and lack of vehicle stability, so as to maintain safety. A cargo which is even helps to prevent unacceptable vehicle axle loading, and unacceptable load concentrations.
With the distribution of load within the container, the eccentricity of the center of gravity varies. It is very essential that the designers of containers and handling equipment take this into consideration in the engineering process. Like for example, when 60% of the load by mass is distributed in fifty percent of the length of the container measured from one end of the equipment, the eccentricity corresponds to 5%.
Make sure that the container is free to be handled and care has to be taken to make sure it is safely attached to the container, in order to make certain that the equipment used is perfect for the load. Specific attention should be paid to the risk of the container tilting because of the eccentricity of the center of gravity. When raising any container whose centre of gravity is eccentric or mobile, like for example a bulk container, a tank container a thermal container with a refrigerating unit or a container with a liquid bulk bag, either clip on or integral, or any container with a hanging cargo, extreme care must be taken when lifting these.