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A torque converter is a fluid coupling which is utilized so as to transfer rotating power from a prime mover, which is an electric motor or an internal combustion engine, to a rotating driven load. The torque converter is similar to a basic fluid coupling to take the place of a mechanical clutch. This enables the load to be separated from the main power source. A torque converter can offer the equivalent of a reduction gear by being able to multiply torque whenever there is a significant difference between output and input rotational speed.
The fluid coupling unit is actually the most common kind of torque converter utilized in automobile transmissions. During the 1920's there were pendulum-based torque or Constantinesco converter. There are different mechanical designs utilized for always changeable transmissions which could multiply torque. For example, the Variomatic is a kind that has a belt drive and expanding pulleys.
A fluid coupling is a 2 element drive that cannot multiply torque. A torque converter has an added element which is the stator. This changes the drive's characteristics all through times of high slippage and generates an increase in torque output.
Inside a torque converter, there are a minimum of three rotating elements: the turbine, so as to drive the load, the impeller which is driven mechanically driven by the prime mover and the stator. The stator is between the impeller and the turbine so that it can alter oil flow returning from the turbine to the impeller. Traditionally, the design of the torque converter dictates that the stator be stopped from rotating under any situation and this is where the word stator begins from. In fact, the stator is mounted on an overrunning clutch. This design stops the stator from counter rotating with respect to the prime mover while still enabling forward rotation.
Changes to the basic three element design have been incorporated sometimes. These changes have proven worthy particularly in application where higher than normal torque multiplication is considered necessary. Usually, these adjustments have taken the form of various turbines and stators. Every set has been intended to produce differing amounts of torque multiplication. Various instances include the Dynaflow that utilizes a five element converter so as to produce the wide range of torque multiplication needed to propel a heavy vehicle.
Different automobile converters consist of a lock-up clutch so as to reduce heat and to be able to enhance the cruising power and transmission efficiency, even if it is not strictly component of the torque converter design. The application of the clutch locks the turbine to the impeller. This causes all power transmission to be mechanical that eliminates losses connected with fluid drive.
